Power and exploitation have left little room for a harmonious intertwining of subject and society. The overcoming of the current impasse seems to rest on a reconceptualization of power and subjectivity as well as a revised notion of society. Klaus Holzkamp’s Kritische Psychologie focuses on the subject of societal activity and its development based on categories that are plausible on evolutionary and cultural-historical grounds. In this presentation, I articulate Kritische Psychologie and the Russian Activity Theory of A. Leont’ev and present some fundamental concepts that have been explicitly developed for use in praxis and the liberation of the subject from exploitation.